Method of operating cutters in their heads for irregular forms



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN TEAR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

METHOD OF OPERATING CUTTERS IN THEIR HEADS FOR IRREGULAR FORMS.

Specification of Letters Eatent 1\To. 15,1537 dated. June 17, 1856.

T 0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN TEAR, of Ohicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Cutting Irregular Forms, such as Carriage-Spokes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which* Figure l, represents a perspective view o f the machine. Fig. 2, represents a longitudinal vertical section. Figs. 3, 4, and 5, represent detached views of details to be hereinafter described.

Many machines have been essayed for c utting irregular forms in wood, some of which resemble, in appearance that invented by me. I do not pretend to have discovered any new principle, but have so simplified, and rendered eiicient these kinds of machines, as to make them cheap, and within the reach of any mechanic. I have taken away much from the machines heretofore used, which was useless duplication of parts, and made the remainder more efficient, and much less expensive than heretofore.

The nature of my invention consists in using a solid cylinder with traversing cutters working therein, and operating the cutters in the cylinder laterally, and raising and lowering the cylinder vertically by the same cam wheels, thus very much simplifying the machine.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A represents the frame of the machine which may be made of metal or `wood. It supports a sliding carriage B, which moves in a rectilinear direction by means of the tongues a, fitting into corresponding grooves of the carriage. The spoke to be dressed, is fixed on this carriage between the projection b Fig. 2, and the pin d, which latter, is pressed against it by means 'of the spring which surrounds it. A slow reciprocating motion is imparted to the carriage by means of the crank shaft which bears the pinion D, mashing into the wheel E, which latter operates upon a. rack F, connected with the carriage by means of the braces e.

Two standards G are firmly secured to the sides of the frame A, they are provided at their center with slots into which the cylinder frame H can be inserted, so tha-t it can be moved up and down therein, while it is secured against lateral motion. The revolving cylinder I, containing the planing knives is secured to the frame H. The knives K are secured in metal boxes or stocks in the cylinder, and are held there firmly by means of a wedge g, operated upon by turning the screw nut L Figs. l, and 3. There are two stocks each containing a planing knife, and secured to the cylinder in a diametrical opposite position. The shape of the planing knife is shown in Fig. 3, and should conform in reverse to the shape of the thing to be dressed; the knife on the opposite side is of the same shape, but its position is reversed in such a manner that the projecting parts of the two knives are opposite each other, and thus cut at one operation both the vertical and the upper horizontal sides of a spoke. The stocks L where they protrude from the sides of the cylinder I are provided with slotted ends m, which are inserted into grooves of the cylinder shaft o Fig. 3) and can be moved in said grooves so as to impart to the stocks L, a reciprocating motion to and from each other. The end m, is encircled by a ring or collar p to which are. fastened the upper ends of a lever M, having its fulcrum at g. The lower end of the lever M is forked, and is guided by means of this plate on the circumference of the cam plate N. The shape of these cam plates can be seen from Figs. 3, 4, and 5, they are secured on the shaft of the cogged wheel E, and have a revolving motion. As shown in Fig. 4, the disk of the plates N, on which the lever M rests stands oblique to its center shaft, and thus when the cam N is in motion the end 1" of the lever M is moved sidewise, and the upper end assumes a similar motion thereby imparting to the knives K, a slow movement which is reversed in each of the knives and by this movement the knives slowly approach or recede from each other, at the same time that the cylinder I is revolving with a rapid motion, imparted to it from the pulley P. This provides the means of cutting two sides of the spoke tapering at one operation.

rIhe circumference of the cam plates N is formed as represented in Fig. 5. The curve of this circumference is of such a nature that it operates on the lever M in a vertical direction lifting and lowering said lever at each operation. The shaft 0, and cutting cylinder I, being held by the lever M participate in the movement of said lever together with the frame H which thus slides up and down in the slots of the standards G, and by this movement the upper horizontal side of the spo-ke is also cut tapering.

The standards G support two shafts provided at their center With rollers; the shafts are pressed down at their bearings by means oi" the spiral spring s, and the rollers bear on the Wood which is to be planed, and hold it to its bed, and assist to carry it forward toward the cutting knives.

The relative lateral distance of the knives K can be regulated according to the size of the spokes which are to be cut in the following manner. The arms R Which hold attheir ends the lever lVI are attached at their other ends to another lever S secured in the sliding box T at its fulcrum s. When the lever S, is turned, the arms R slide horizontally in the standards G, and move the lever M and knife K in the same direction, the lever S can then be secured by inserting a pin into one of the holes t of the sliding box T.

The most important dierences between my machine, and those resembling it are these; that heretofore a divided or segmental cylinder was used, the parts or segments of Which were moved to and from each other by one set of cams, While their vertical motions were obtained from another set of cams. I use one solid cylinder and simply move the cutters in it, and using but one solid cylinder (instead of one made up of sections) I make one set of cams produce both the lateral traverse movement of the cutters, and the vertical movementof the cylinder also, and thus dispense with t-he sectional cylinder which is expensive to make, and avoid the cost and friction of one pair of cams, and their attendant parts by removing them entirely.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention, I Would state that I am aware a divided or sectional cylinder has been used, and that these sections have been operated by cams to give them lateral and vertical motion. These I do not claim; but what I do claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent in burning or cutting irregular forms is The use of a cutter-head in which the knives or cutters are caused to traverse dur ing the rotation of the cylinder, for the purpose of adapting themselves to the shape of the thing to be cut by them.

J TEAR.

Vitnesses SAM. H. Dow, J. A. I-IoIsING'roN. 

